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Caffeine mainly works by opposing adenosine activity. Because adenosine promotes sleep, caffeine's inhibition of adenosine receptors reduces sleepiness and supports wakefulness; the passage also notes that caffeine may indirectly affect dopamine neurotransmission.

Caffeine's Mechanism of Action

A student studying late at night feels increasingly drowsy as a natural, sleep-promoting chemical builds up in their brain. They drink a caffeinated beverage and, shortly after, feel more alert and awake. Which statement best explains the primary mechanism responsible for this effect?

A person feels progressively drowsy throughout a long day of work. They consume a beverage containing a common stimulant, and shortly after, their feeling of drowsiness subsides and they feel more alert. Which statement best analyzes the primary neurochemical reason for this change?

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