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A key limitation in interpreting neuroimaging studies of OCD is that the identified link between brain abnormalities and symptoms is correlational. This means that while a relationship exists, these studies cannot definitively conclude that the observed brain differences are the cause of OCD symptoms.

Limitation of Neuroimaging in OCD: Correlation Does Not Imply Causation

A research team conducts a brain imaging study and discovers that individuals with more severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms also show higher levels of activity in a particular brain circuit. Based *only* on this type of finding, what is the most appropriate conclusion the researchers can draw?

A research study uses brain imaging and finds a strong positive association between the severity of a person's obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the level of activity in a particular brain circuit. Based *only* on this finding, what is the most valid conclusion?

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