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Psychoneuroimmunology is the scientific field dedicated to studying the interactions between psychological factors, such as stress, and the body's immune system. The term was introduced in 1981 in a book that reviewed evidence of associations between the brain, the endocrine system, and the immune system. The field's development was largely spurred by the discovery of a fundamental connection between the central nervous system and the immune system.

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Research showed that negative psychological states influence antiviral immunity and the immune response to vaccination.

Negative Psychological States and Immunity

Although research has primarily focused on stress and other negative psychological states, there is growing recognition that positive psychological states may also modulate the immune system and neuro-immune interactions.

Positive Psychological States and Immunity

Just as psychological states can influence the immune response, so too can activation of the immune system can influence the brain and behavior. 

Effects of the Immune System on Brain and Behavior

For more than thirty years, researchers have investigated the influence of stress and negative emotions on immune function. The discoveries from this research, largely within the field of psychoneuroimmunology, have profoundly reshaped the field of health psychology.

Impact of Psychoneuroimmunology on Health Psychology

A university student endures two weeks of high-pressure final exams, involving little sleep and constant worry. A few days after their last exam, they develop a severe cold that lasts for over a week. Which statement best analyzes the most likely connection between the student's experience and their illness?

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