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The convex shape of both the Wage-Setting (WS) and Phillips curves stems from the impact of unemployment on the cost of job loss. As unemployment falls, the cost of job loss diminishes, strengthening workers' bargaining power and leading to higher wage demands. This effect accelerates at very low unemployment levels, causing the curves to become steeper and visually representing the intensifying trade-off between unemployment and inflation.

Behavioral Basis for the Convexity of the WS and Phillips Curves

Based on the behavioral principles that determine the shape of the relationship between unemployment and wage-setting, evaluate the argument of the policymakers who are concerned about the stimulus. Explain why a reduction in unemployment from 4% to 3% would be expected to have a more pronounced effect on wage demands than a reduction from 8% to 7%.

Central Bank Policy and Wage Pressures

Explain the economic reasoning behind the convex shape of the Wage-Setting (WS) curve. Specifically, why does a one-percentage-point decrease in unemployment have a larger impact on wage demands when unemployment is already low compared to when it is high?

Explaining the Shape of the Wage-Setting Curve

Imagine an economy where the unemployment rate has fallen to a historically low level. A policymaker argues that further stimulating the economy to reduce unemployment even more will have only a minor impact on wage growth. Based on the typical shape of the relationship between unemployment and wage pressure, evaluate the policymaker's argument. Explain the underlying behavioral mechanism that supports your evaluation.

Policy Implications of an Accelerating Inflation-Unemployment Trade-off

Consider two scenarios for an economy. In Scenario A, the unemployment rate falls from 10% to 9%. In Scenario B, the unemployment rate falls from 4% to 3%. Why is the upward pressure on wages expected to be stronger in Scenario B compared to Scenario A?

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