The paper investigates three research questions based on the following: 
- Find out currently used tools and strategies by data scientists.
- When working in a collaborative seeing using computational notebooks, assess changes in the way data scientists collaborate by comparing and contrasting between the cases of using an individual notebook and synchronous notebook.  
- Identify potential challenges that data scientists may be facing when using synchronous notebook editing.  

Research questions in "How Data Scientists Use Computational Notebooks for Real-Time Collaboration"

Based on 195 valid responses in total:
- Female: 23.08%
- Male: 76.92%


Table 1: The tools that respondents have used for programming, communication and project management during collaboration

April Yi Wang, Anant Mittal, Christopher Brooks, and Steve Oney. 2019. How Data Scientists Use Computational Notebooks for Real-Time Collaboration. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW, Article 39
(November 2019), 30 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359141

https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3359141

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- "How Data Scientists Use Computational Notebooks for Real-Time Collaboration"
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Journal articles under "Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing" category

With synchronous editing tools, the same notebook/document can be edited by multiple.  The edits are updated and saved real-time basis.   

Synchronous editors

A classification of the papers that received a Best Paper award at the 2019 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): "How Data Scientists Use Computational Notebooks for Real-Time Collaboration" and "Does Transparency in Moderation Really Matter?: User Behavior After Content Removal Explanations on Reddit."

CSCW2019 Best Paper Awards

The author argues for the following potential challenges that may not lead to improved efficiency: 
- Based on the studies conducted, it was rare for the users to edit adjacent content synchronously.  
- Potential interferences to each other's work when programming while using synchronous code editors
- The ways in which how synchronous editing with computational notebook contributes to data scientists' work are yet to be well understood as the studies were within the contexts of collaborative writing and programming.  


Challenges associated with synchronous editing

Shagun Jhaver, Amy Bruckman, and Eric Gilbert. 2019. Does Transparency in Moderation Really Matter?: User Behavior After Content Removal Explanations on Reddit. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW, Article 150 (November 2019), 27 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359252

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