5-HTLPR Gene and ADHD References 

One study examines the interaction between this gene and chronic stressors or adverse experiences in the environment and its affect on the presentation of ADHD. They found that those with the S-allele form of the gene who experience stressors in their environment display more symptoms of ADHD than those with 2 L-alleles. 

5-HTLPR Gene and ADHD: Interaction with Environment 

One gene that is related to ADHD is 5-HTLPR, which affects the signaling of serotonin. It can be either in a short (S-allele) form or a long (L-allele) form. 

Xavier University

New York University

Family and twin studies strongly indicate that genetics are a key factor in ADHD, with heritability for inattention and hyperactivity estimated at 71% and 73%, respectively. Research points to the involvement of specific genes, including at least two that are crucial for regulating the neurotransmitter dopamine. This finding directly links the genetic predisposition for ADHD to its potential neurobiological basis in the dopamine system.

Genetic Causes of ADHD

Shaw, P. (2015). Gene and environment interactions in the brain: A pathway to ADHD? Am J Psychiatry, 172(8).  Doi: 10.1176/appi.aip.2015.15050619. 

Gene and environment interactions in the brain: A pathway to ADHD?

A large-scale study finds that if one identical twin has ADHD, there is a very high probability that the other twin also has it. A separate line of research discovers that many individuals with ADHD share common variations in genes that are involved in the regulation of dopamine. How do these two findings together support a theory about the cause of ADHD?

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