Leptin is the hormone that is released when an individual feels satiated.

University of Chicago

Hunger is driven by several physiological signals that prompt feeding behavior. These include physical cues, such as stomach contractions or 'hunger pangs' that occur when the stomach is empty, and chemical messages sent to the brain. A key chemical trigger is a drop in blood glucose levels, which prompts the pancreas and liver to release signals that initiate the drive to eat.

Physiological Mechanisms of Hunger

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

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When the stomach has been empty for a period, it begins to contract. These contractions are commonly experienced as 'hunger pangs' and serve as a physical signal to the brain that prompts the initiation of feeding behavior.

Stomach Contractions as a Hunger Signal

A decrease in blood glucose levels acts as a chemical trigger for hunger. In response to low glucose, the pancreas and liver produce chemical signals that are sent to the brain, inducing the sensation of hunger and motivating the individual to eat.

Low Blood Glucose as a Hunger Signal

An individual has been working intensely for several hours and has missed their regular lunchtime meal. They begin to feel a gnawing sensation in their stomach and a strong desire to eat. Based on the body's internal regulatory systems, which of the following provides the most accurate physiological explanation for this experience?

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