Data Analysis in Single-Subject Research

What is a defining characteristic of single-subject research designs?

In a single-subject reversal design (ABA), a researcher must demonstrate that a specific treatment is responsible for a change in behavior. Arrange the following phases in the correct order to illustrate this experimental logic.

A researcher observes a participant's behavior occurring 5, 15, 2, and 20 times per hour during the baseline phase ($A$). If the behavior then occurs a consistent 10 times per hour during the intervention phase ($B$), the researcher has successfully demonstrated that the intervention caused a change in behavior.

In the context of single-subject research designs, what can serve as the 'unit' of analysis?

In a single-subject research design, the baseline phase ($A$) serves as the control condition by establishing a standard of behavior against which the effects of the intervention can be evaluated.

If a researcher introduces an intervention while the baseline ($A$) phase is already trending in the desired direction, the researcher cannot reach a valid _____ regarding whether the treatment ($B$) caused the improvement, because the behavior might have continued changing on its own.

A school psychologist wants to study whether a new classroom seating arrangement (treatment) reduces off-task behavior in a specific classroom of students. Match each element of this study to the corresponding concept of a single-subject research design.

In a single-subject research design, a researcher analyzes the potential impact of a treatment by comparing behavior repeatedly measured across baseline and _____ phases.

A clinical researcher wants to evaluate whether a treatment is associated with a clear behavior change using a single-subject design. Arrange the steps of this evaluation process in the correct chronological order.