A cross-sectional survey of 2299 medical and administrative staff of Fujian Provincial Hospital found that severity of psychological issues such as anxiety and depression as a result of COVID-19 varied among staff based on level of exposure and contact with COVID-19 patients. High-risk contact staff were 2 times as more likely to suffer from fear and anxiety than non-clinical staff. Factors such as insufficient protective equipment and fear of patients concealing medical history contributed to feelings of anxiety. 

Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 in China

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers were exposed to stressful and traumatic events, leading to negative mental health outcomes. This cross-sectional study in Italy surveyed 1,379 healthcare workers using an online questionnaire. The findings showed that being a frontline worker was significantly associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) ($$p = 0.03$$). Additionally, having a colleague who was sick, quarantined, or deceased was significantly associated with PTSS, depression, and higher perceived stress.

Mental Health Outcomes Among Frontline and Second-Line Health Care Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Italy

- Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Amherst College

- Healthcare workers
- Chinese population 
- Youth (16 to 25 years of age)
- Older Adults (60+ years old)

Mental Health Outcomes by Population Group

Quarantine and social distancing measures have particularly affected young populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, as they often identify themselves through their social interactions. This cross-sectional study (May 7-May 16, 2020)(n=666) surveyed German individuals, aged between 16 and 25 years of age, online. This study showed that 56% of respondents experienced psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social risk indicators for increased psychological distress include unemployment, inability to work, migrant/ethnic minority group position, and single relationship status. This study also shows that individuals who experienced psychological distress are more likely to report having a positive attitude towards mental health apps, possibly suggesting a further need in developing these.

Mental Health Outcomes in Youth (ages 16 to 25) During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study focuses on the first nation-wide survey in China conducted from January 31st to February 10th, 2020 to collect a total of 52,730 responses across 36 regions as well as Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau. The survey was online and therefore available to the general public. The questionnaire (the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index, or CPDI)  included questions about the demographic data, diagnostic questions for phobias and stress disorders (from the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision), cognitive change, physical symptoms, and decrease of social functioning to calculate a score from 0 to 100. The study’s findings showed higher psychological distress in females than males and in participants ages 18 to 30 years or over 60. Those below the age of 18 years may have shown the lowest scores due to the fact that there is a lower mortality rate in younger people. Additionally, the accessibility of medical resources and measures taken against the epidemic factored into the CPDI scores. 


The Psychological Stress of Chinese People Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

- Analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions
- Mental Health in Elderly Spanish People during COVID-19
- Psychological Distress and Its Correlates Among COVID-19 Survivors During Early Convalescence Across Age Groups

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