- Agriculture, food, and natural resources
- Arts, A/V technology, and communications
- Health sciences
- Information Technology
- Human services

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Enrollment in career and technical education courses in this study is defined by at least four credits in coursework that provides skills for future careers and independent living.

Career and Technical Education Courses (CTE)

Theobald, R., Goldhaber, D., Gratz, T., & Holden, K. (2018). Career and Technical Education, Inclusion, and Postsecondary Outcomes for Students With Learning Disabilities. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0022219418775121?casa_token=QiB3To8weTUAAAAA%3AO6bWl5uPRIZKZjCHILDNq9CdgNuZQo6iDtl3znn6WOIc1RU4t-GhikiEQG7DugPtto1QWR2Ykz2B


Career and Technical Education, Inclusion, and Postsecondary Outcomes for Students With Learning Disabilities

- Students with learning disabilities and without disabilities had similar rates of enrollment in community colleges, but students with learning disabilities enrolled in four year colleges at a much lower rate than students without disabilities

Findings Regarding Students With Learning Disabilities and Post Secondary Education 

- Students with learning disabilities are enrolled in career and technical education courses at a higher rate than students with other disabilities and students without disabilities
- On average spend more time in general education settings as compared to students without learning disabilities
- Had more unexcused absences than students with no learning disabilities or students without disabilities
- Had a higher rate of graduating on time than students with non learning disabilities, but a lower rate than students without disabilities
- Enrollment in CTEs did not show a significant effect on post secondary outcome for 10th and 11th graders, but showed a positive effect on graduation rates for 12th graders. Enrollment in mainly general education courses slightly boosted graduation rates for students with learning disabilities

Findings Regarding Students With Learning Disabilities in Secondary Education

- Students with learning disabilities were employed at a lower rate than students without disabilities within six months of graduating

Findings Regarding Students With Learning Disabilities and Post Graduation Employment

96% of students included in the study with a LD took at least one CTE course, 94% of which was in a general education setting. 92% took an occupationally specific course. 36% took an occupationally specific concentration of CTE courses (>=4 credits).

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