Moderate-emerging and high-chronic victims of peer victimization have lower reading scores at the start of school, but this goes away by 12th grade. Reading performance is not as affected by peer victimization as math performance is.

Stanford University

There is a small negative association between peer victimization and academic achievement. This is because there is a lot that could affect academic achievement more directly than peer victimization. 


Peer Victimization and Academic Performance

Gaining understanding of a written text by coming to a conclusion of its meaning. Comprehension occurs based off of the reader's prior knowledge of language and ability to make inferences.

Reading Comprehension

Ladd, G. W., Ettekal, I., & Kochenderfer-Ladd, B. (2017). Peer victimization trajectories from kindergarten through high school: Differential pathways for children’s school engagement and achievement? Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(6), 826–841. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000177

Peer Victimization Trajectories From Kindergarten Through High School: Differential Pathways for Children’s School Engagement and Achievement?

Math performance in elementary school increases for all students but to a substantially lesser degree for any student that faces peer victimization. Once in middle school, math scores decrease for all students but even more for high-chronic and moderate-emerging victims.

Peer Victimization and Math Performance

The way children understand a story they are listening to or reading. Narrative processing develops throughout childhood depending on how a child can follow a character in a story.

Narrative Processing

- Assessing and measuring reading comprehension

Learning Analytics of Academic Performance

Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension in Experiment Design

- SAT
- ACT
- GRE
- LSAT
- MCAT
- GMAT
- TOEFL

Reading Comprehension in Standardized Tests

- Reading comprehension is very much related to cognitive psychology 
- Reading is a complex human behavior that requires higher cognitive demands 
- Reading comprehension is important for basic skills such as completing tax forms, reading menus, scholastic achievement, and more. 


Reading Comprehension + Cognitive Psychology

- Text Chunking
- Text Line Length
- Line-length variability

Text Format Factors Related to Reading Comprehension

- Question Answering Test: Students answer a worksheet of questions about a reading passage
- Recall Measures: Students retell the contents of a passage in their own words
- Oral Passage Reading Test: Students are timed while reading out loud; examiners score them
- Cloze Technique: Student writes or says missing words that have been deleted from a passage

Reading Comprehension Measures

Application questions, as contrasted to questions that repeated examples or questions on names of significant people, yield the greatest general facilitative effect on learning by prompting the student to inspect and comprehend thetext more thoroughly. 

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