University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- Created Twitter bots that resemble accounts made by white men because participants consisted mostly of white men
- Each bot accumulated over 1000 followers over 3 months to look more real  
- Bots reflected different political associations 
- Corrections were public replies to tweets containing misinformation 
- Corrections informed users that the information they shared might not be true and included a link to Snopes.com for support
- Sent around 114 replies per day during a one-hour interval for 14 days from January 30 to February 12, 2020
- Sent 1,586 corrections before accounts were suspended 
- 1,454 of the messages sent were delivered successfully 
- Corrections were sent around 81 days after the original tweets were posted 

Perverse Downstream Consequences of Debunking - Correction Procedure

Mosleh, M., Martel, C., Eckles, D., & Rand, D. (2021, May). Perverse Downstream Consequences of Debunking: Being Corrected by Another User for Posting False Political News Increases Subsequent Sharing of Low Quality, Partisan, and Toxic Content in a Twitter Field Experiment. In proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-13). https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3411764.3445642 

Perverse Downstream Consequences of Debunking: Being Corrected by Another User for Posting False Political News Increases Subsequent Sharing of Low Quality, Partisan, and Toxic Content in a Twitter Field Experiment

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