Recent studies have revealed six proteins in the blood of critically ill COVID patients to be a predictive biomarker for the severity of the disease in positive patients. The following six proteins were elevated in severely ill patients and predicted mortality with close to 100% accuracy:

-CMRF-35-like molecule (CLM-1);
-Interleukin receptor-12 sub-unit B1 (IL12RB);
-Cluster of differentiation 83 (CD83);
-Family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3B);
-Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) ;
-Opticin (OPTC) 

The proteins also stayed in quite consistent concentrations during the first ten days of ICU admission suggesting that there is predetermined outcome from infection with COVID-19


New Protein Biomarkers Associated with Severely Ill COVID-19 patients

A study enrolled 27 patients with COVID-19 (6 severe cases and 21 mild cases) and 75 patients with the flu to match characteristics of COVID-19. The study excluded people with history of tumors, severe kidney and liver diseases, blood diseases, pregnant people, those with known infections, and those who had medication before their visit to the ICU. The disease state for COVID was divided into 4 stages: initial, progression, peak and recovery. Over the course of this approximately 2 month study a number of things were discovered. In comparison to patients with influenza those with COVID generally had a lower white blood cell count and granulocytes. In addition, CRP, ESR, and NLR were all positively associated with computed tomography (CT) severity scores in the lung (the higher the score the worse the condition). CRP and ESR were also elevated in the earlier stages of COVID before identification of any changes by CT scores. Ultimately it was determined that CRP changes were more sensitive to COVID-19 and were associated with disease development all while being a good predictor of severity in the early stages of COVID infection.

C-reactive Protein (CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in early prediction of severity of COVID-19

Rutgers University

1. Mild

2.  Moderate

3. Severe

4. Critical

The Severity of  COVID-19 Symptoms

- Respiratory Failure
- Shock
- Multiorgan Failure
- Greatly diminished level of consciousness (e.g., severe delirium, minimally conscious state, stupor, coma)
- Symptoms of severe COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 symptoms

Depending on exact symptoms and overall health, hospitalization may or may not be needed.
- High-grade temperature
- Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
- Radiologic signs of pneumonia
- Chills
- Profound fatigue
- "Brain fog"
- Mild/Moderate dehydration

Moderate COVID-19 symptoms

1- Subjective or low-grade fever
2- Dry cough
3- Myalgias and arthralgias
4- Nasal congestion
5- Headache
6- Sore throat

Mild COVID-19 symptoms

Severe COVID-19 is a medical emergency and requires immediate hospitalization.

1. Severe dyspnea

2. Hypoxia

3. Serious dehydration

4. P/F ration < 300

5. New bilateral infiltrated on imaging

6. Altered level of consciousness (e.g., confusion, delirium, lethargy)*

*If this symptom is present, emergency medical attention should be sought right away, even if other symptoms are absent. Often times, this is the only severe symptom and can be present even when other "classic" COVID symptoms are absent. Even if this doesn't indicate COVID infection, it should still be treated as a medical emergency.


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