Those who are doubtful about scientists are most prone to subscribe to misinformation and conspiracies in health misinformation and misinformation about the disinfectant. 


New York University

Partisan Conspiracies

Non-partisan conspiracies 

Health misinformation

Disinfectant as cure or prevention

Types of Covid 19 Misinformation 


Enders, A. M., Uscinski, J. E., Klofstad, C., Stoler, J. (2020). The different forms of COVID-19 misinformation and their consequences. The Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review, 1(8).

The different forms of COVID-19 misinformation and their consequences

Death statistics exaggeration 

Political conspiracies


Covid 19 Misinformation Type: Partisan Conspiracies


The virus as disguise (to cover-up other conspiracies)

Conspiracies regarding the origin of the virus

The virus as bioweapon

Vaccine conspiracies/misinformation

Covid 19 Misinformation Type: Non-partisan Conspiracies 


Misinformation about cure

Misinformation about transmission

Misinformation about prevention


Covid 19 Misinformation Type: Health Misinformation


Different from other misinformation due to its low support and perceived validity. 


Covid 19 Misinformation Type: Disinfectant as Cure or Prevention


Those who are supporters of Donald Trump are most prone to subscribe to partisan conspiracies. They are also likely to subscribe to health misinformation to a lesser degree. 


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